Contents
1. What is the Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) Visa?
The Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) Visa is a relatively new status of residence introduced by the Japanese government in April 2019 to address labor shortages in key sectors of the economy. Unlike other work visas in Japan that typically require a university degree or specialized professional experience, the SSW Visa is designed specifically for foreign nationals with practical skills and experience in designated industries.
There are two types of SSW Visas: SSW Type 1 and SSW Type 2. The SSW Type 1 is available for 12 industry sectors, including construction, caregiving, hospitality, and food service. This visa allows foreign workers to stay in Japan for up to five years, but it does not permit family accompaniment. On the other hand, SSW Type 2 is limited to a smaller number of sectors such as construction and shipbuilding, and it allows for longer stays and family accompaniment, as well as the possibility of permanent residency.
To obtain an SSW Type 1 Visa, applicants must either pass a skills proficiency test and a basic Japanese language test (JLPT N4 or equivalent) or complete Japan’s Technical Intern Training Program (TITP). Those who have successfully completed the TITP for a specific field can transfer to the SSW program without additional testing.
The SSW Visa has created more accessible pathways for foreign workers from countries such as Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Nepal, and others to work in Japan legally. The visa also ensures a minimum level of protection for foreign laborers, requiring employers to provide support services such as orientation programs, assistance with housing, and regular contact to resolve any issues.
Salary expectations for SSW Visa holders vary by industry and location but must be equivalent to or higher than what Japanese workers receive for the same job. For example, a worker in the caregiving field might earn between ¥180,000 to ¥250,000 per month (approximately $1,200 to $1,700 USD), depending on experience and location.
Overall, the Specified Skilled Worker Visa plays a vital role in Japan’s labor market by creating opportunities for foreign nationals while addressing urgent domestic labor shortages in key industries.
2. Types of Industries Eligible for the SSW Visa
The Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) Visa was introduced by the Japanese government to address labor shortages in specific industries that are essential to Japan’s economy. As of now, there are 12 designated industries eligible under the SSW Type 1 Visa, and a more limited selection for the SSW Type 2 Visa. These industries were carefully selected based on their high demand for labor and the difficulty of securing domestic workers.
The 12 industries eligible for the SSW Type 1 Visa are as follows:
- 1. Nursing Care
- 2. Building Cleaning Management
- 3. Machine Parts & Tooling Industries
- 4. Industrial Machinery Industry
- 5. Electric, Electronics, and Information Industries
- 6. Construction Industry
- 7. Shipbuilding and Marine Industry
- 8. Automobile Maintenance
- 9. Aviation Industry
- 10. Accommodation Industry
- 11. Agriculture
- 12. Fishery and Aquaculture
Each of these sectors has its own set of technical skill tests that applicants must pass, along with a basic Japanese language proficiency requirement. Workers must demonstrate the ability to perform industry-specific tasks safely and effectively, often verified through practical and written exams.
The SSW Type 2 Visa, which allows for longer stays and the possibility of bringing family members to Japan, is currently limited to the Construction and Shipbuilding and Marine industries. Workers must have advanced skills and experience, typically gained after working in Japan under SSW Type 1 or another relevant program.
For example, in the nursing care industry, workers are expected to assist with elderly care in hospitals and nursing homes. Salaries can range from ¥180,000 to ¥280,000 per month (approximately $1,200 to $1,900 USD). In the agricultural sector, duties might include planting, harvesting, and packaging crops, with monthly earnings between ¥170,000 and ¥250,000 (around $1,100 to $1,700 USD).
The Japanese government continues to monitor industry demands and may adjust the list of eligible sectors in the future. For now, these 12 fields represent a vital opportunity for skilled foreign workers to contribute to Japan’s labor market while gaining valuable work experience and cultural exposure.
3. Basic Requirements for Obtaining the SSW Visa
To apply for the Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) Visa in Japan, applicants must meet several key requirements that demonstrate their ability to work and live independently in the country. These requirements are designed to ensure that foreign workers have the necessary skills and language abilities to contribute effectively to Japan’s labor market. The specific criteria may vary slightly depending on the industry, but the following are the core qualifications required for all applicants.
1. Skills Proficiency: Applicants must pass a skills evaluation test relevant to the specific industry they intend to work in. These tests assess practical abilities and technical knowledge and are usually administered in Japanese. Each of the 12 designated industries under the SSW Type 1 Visa has its own skill standards and examinations. For example, a candidate applying for the food service sector must demonstrate knowledge in food preparation, hygiene, and customer service.
2. Japanese Language Proficiency: To communicate effectively in the workplace and daily life, applicants are required to pass a Japanese language test. The most commonly accepted tests are the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) at level N4 or higher, or the Japan Foundation Test for Basic Japanese (JFT-Basic). These tests evaluate listening, reading, and basic communication skills necessary for everyday life in Japan.
3. Age and Educational Background: There is no strict age limit, but applicants are generally expected to be adults who have completed at least a secondary education. A university degree is not required for the SSW Visa, which makes it more accessible compared to other Japanese work visas.
4. Health and Character Requirements: Applicants must be in good physical and mental health. In some cases, a medical certificate may be required. Additionally, individuals with a serious criminal record may be disqualified from obtaining the visa.
5. Contract with a Japanese Employer: Before applying for the visa, the applicant must secure a job offer from a Japanese company in one of the eligible industries. The employer must also commit to providing necessary support, such as helping the worker find housing, providing orientation, and assisting in daily life matters.
6. Financial and Employment Conditions: Employers are obligated to offer wages equivalent to or greater than those paid to Japanese workers in the same role. For instance, a worker in the construction sector might earn ¥220,000 to ¥300,000 per month (approximately $1,500 to $2,100 USD), depending on experience and location.
These basic requirements ensure that SSW Visa holders are equipped to handle the demands of work and life in Japan. They also serve to protect both the employee and employer by promoting a transparent and fair employment relationship.
4. Application Process and Required Documents
Applying for the Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) Visa involves a step-by-step process that ensures the applicant meets all necessary qualifications and is prepared to live and work in Japan. The application process typically starts in the applicant’s home country and concludes with the issuance of a visa at a Japanese consulate. Below is an overview of the key steps and required documents.
Step 1: Pass the Skills and Japanese Language Tests
Before applying for the visa, applicants must pass a skills proficiency test related to the specific industry they wish to enter. In addition, they must also pass a Japanese language test, such as the JLPT N4 level or the JFT-Basic. Some applicants who have completed Japan’s Technical Intern Training Program may be exempt from these tests.
Step 2: Secure a Job Offer from a Japanese Employer
Applicants must obtain a formal job offer from a Japanese company within one of the 12 eligible industries. The company must agree to provide support services to the worker, including help with housing, orientation, and general daily life guidance.
Step 3: Employer Applies for a Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
Once the job offer is confirmed, the Japanese employer submits an application for a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) to the Immigration Services Agency of Japan. The COE is a crucial document that confirms the applicant meets the conditions for entering and residing in Japan under the SSW category.
Step 4: Submit Visa Application at a Japanese Embassy or Consulate
After receiving the COE, the applicant must apply for the SSW Visa at the Japanese embassy or consulate in their home country. The required documents usually include:
- Valid passport
- Completed visa application form
- Certificate of Eligibility (original and copy)
- Recent passport-sized photographs
- Employment contract and support plan from the Japanese employer
Step 5: Receive Visa and Travel to Japan
Once the visa is approved, the applicant can travel to Japan and begin employment. Upon arrival, they will receive a residence card, which must be carried at all times and used for identification.
Cost and Duration
The visa application fee varies by country but generally ranges between ¥3,000 to ¥6,000 (approximately $20 to $40 USD). The initial visa period can range from 4 months to 1 year, and can be renewed for up to a total of 5 years under the SSW Type 1 category.
This structured process ensures that both the applicant and the employer are properly prepared, and it upholds the integrity of the program while protecting the rights of foreign workers.
5. Benefits and Challenges of Working under the SSW Visa
Working in Japan under the Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) Visa offers a range of benefits, but also comes with certain challenges that applicants should carefully consider. The visa program is designed to provide a mutually beneficial experience for both foreign workers and Japanese employers. Understanding the advantages and potential difficulties can help individuals make an informed decision before applying.
Benefits:
1. Opportunity for Legal Employment in Japan:
The SSW Visa provides a legal pathway for foreign nationals to work in Japan without needing a university degree or extensive professional background. It is especially suitable for individuals with practical skills and vocational experience.
2. Fair Wages and Employment Conditions:
Workers under the SSW program must be paid wages equal to or higher than Japanese employees in the same position. For example, those in the hotel industry may earn between ¥200,000 and ¥270,000 per month (approximately $1,350 to $1,800 USD), depending on the role and location.
3. Skill Development and Career Growth:
Foreign workers can gain valuable on-the-job training and experience in Japan’s high-standard work environment. This can improve their career prospects both in Japan and in their home countries.
4. Support Services from Employers:
Employers are required to provide support for daily living, including assistance with housing, language learning, and understanding local rules and customs. This makes it easier for workers to adapt to life in Japan.
5. Pathway to Long-Term Stay:
Although the SSW Type 1 Visa is limited to a maximum of five years and does not allow family members to accompany the worker, those who transition to SSW Type 2 can stay longer and bring family members. This creates a potential path toward permanent residency.
Challenges:
1. Language Barrier:
Even though a basic level of Japanese is required, many workers find it difficult to communicate fluently, especially in work environments with technical language. This can affect integration and performance.
2. Cultural Adjustment:
Japanese workplace culture emphasizes hierarchy, punctuality, and group harmony, which may differ significantly from what workers are used to in their home countries. Adapting to these norms can be challenging.
3. Limited Visa Duration and Restrictions:
SSW Type 1 does not allow for family accompaniment, and the total stay is capped at five years. For some, this limitation affects long-term planning and family life.
4. High Expectations and Workload:
Some industries, such as construction or caregiving, involve physically demanding work and long hours. Meeting these expectations can be stressful for workers unfamiliar with Japan’s work pace.
In conclusion, while the SSW Visa opens up significant employment opportunities in Japan, it is important for applicants to prepare themselves both mentally and practically for the realities of working and living in a different culture. With the right mindset and support, the experience can be rewarding and life-changing.
Top Spring Festivals in Tokyo to Experience in May – A Must-See Guide for Foreign Visitors
