How to Successfully Obtain a Spouse Visa in Japan: A Step-by-Step Guide for Foreigners

1. Introduction: Understanding the Spouse Visa in Japan

For many foreigners who wish to live in Japan with their Japanese spouse, obtaining a spouse visa is an essential step. Officially referred to as the “Spouse or Child of Japanese National” visa, this status allows a foreign national married to a Japanese citizen to live and work in Japan without restrictions. However, the process of applying for and obtaining this visa can be complex, involving multiple steps, documentation, and legal considerations.

Unlike a tourist or work visa, the spouse visa falls under the category of long-term residence permits and is issued by the Immigration Services Agency of Japan. One of the key benefits of this visa is that it allows unrestricted employment, meaning the visa holder can work in any industry or job category, unlike other visa types that have specific employment limitations.

Before beginning the application process, it is important to understand the basic requirements and expectations set by Japanese immigration authorities. Generally, the application process involves proving the legitimacy of the marriage, demonstrating financial stability, and submitting the necessary documents to support the case. The spouse visa application is often scrutinized thoroughly to prevent fraudulent marriages, so applicants must be prepared to provide substantial evidence.

Another important aspect to consider is the duration of the spouse visa. Initially, the visa is granted for a period of either 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years, depending on the applicant’s circumstances. While the spouse visa does not automatically lead to permanent residency, it can be renewed, and after several years of residence, the visa holder may be eligible to apply for permanent residency in Japan.

For those considering applying, understanding the timeline and potential costs involved is crucial. Application fees are relatively low, usually around ¥4,000 ($30) for the visa issuance fee. However, additional costs such as document translations, legal consultations, and travel expenses should also be factored in.

Overall, the spouse visa application in Japan requires careful preparation, but with the right documentation and a clear understanding of the process, most applicants can successfully obtain their visa. In the following sections, we will explore the eligibility requirements, application procedures, necessary documents, and common challenges that applicants may face when applying for a spouse visa in Japan.

2. Eligibility Requirements for a Spouse Visa

Before starting the Spouse Visa Application in Japan, it is crucial to understand the eligibility requirements set by Japanese immigration authorities. Not all foreigners who are married to a Japanese citizen automatically qualify for a spouse visa. The Japanese government carefully examines each application to prevent fraudulent marriages and ensure that the applicant meets the necessary criteria.

1. Valid and Legally Recognized Marriage

The most fundamental requirement is that the applicant must be legally married to a Japanese national. The marriage must be officially registered in both Japan and the applicant’s home country (if required). Simply having a wedding ceremony or living together as a couple is not sufficient. The Japanese spouse must provide a copy of their koseki tohon (family registry) to prove the legal marriage.

2. Genuine Relationship

Japanese immigration authorities require proof that the marriage is genuine and not just for visa purposes. Applicants may need to submit:

• Photos of the couple together over time
• Chat logs, emails, or letters showing ongoing communication
• Details of how and when they met
• Statements from family and friends verifying the relationship

In some cases, immigration officers may conduct interviews to verify the authenticity of the relationship.

3. Financial Stability

Applicants must demonstrate financial stability, as Japan requires that foreign spouses will not become a financial burden on the country. This is usually done by showing proof of income, such as:

• Salary slips or employment contracts of the Japanese spouse
• Bank statements showing sufficient savings
• Tax payment certificates (kazei shomeisho or nozei shomeisho)

There is no official minimum income requirement, but having an annual income of at least ¥2,000,000 ($13,500) to ¥3,000,000 ($20,000) is generally advisable.

4. Suitable Living Arrangements

Applicants must provide proof of suitable living arrangements in Japan. This may include:

• A rental agreement or homeownership documents
• Proof of residence registration (juminhyo)

If the couple is planning to live with the Japanese spouse’s family, a letter from the homeowner granting permission may also be required.

5. Clean Criminal Record

While Japan does not explicitly require a criminal record check for spouse visa applications, a history of serious criminal offenses or violations of Japanese immigration law may result in rejection. Any prior deportations or overstays in Japan should be disclosed and explained in the application.

6. Japanese Language Skills (Not Mandatory but Beneficial)

Unlike some other visa categories, a foreign spouse is not required to know Japanese. However, demonstrating basic Japanese language skills can sometimes strengthen an application, particularly in interviews with immigration officers.

Meeting these requirements does not guarantee visa approval, but ensuring that all conditions are met significantly increases the chances of a successful Spouse Visa Application in Japan. Applicants should carefully gather all necessary documents and be prepared to provide additional proof if requested by immigration authorities.

3. Step-by-Step Application Process

The Spouse Visa Application in Japan involves multiple steps, from gathering the necessary documents to submitting the application and receiving approval. The process can take several weeks or even months, so careful planning and preparation are essential. Below is a step-by-step guide to applying for a spouse visa in Japan.

Step 1: Gather Required Documents

Before submitting an application, the foreign spouse and their Japanese partner must collect all necessary documents. These typically include:

• Application form for a “Certificate of Eligibility” (在留資格認定証明書, Zairyu Shikaku Nintei Shomeisho)
• Marriage certificate (issued by the foreign spouse’s country, translated into Japanese if necessary)
• Copy of the Japanese spouse’s koseki tohon (family registry)
• Residence certificate (juminhyo) of the Japanese spouse
• Passport and residence card (if the foreign spouse is already in Japan)
• Photos of the couple to prove their relationship
• Letter explaining the history of the relationship
• Financial proof (tax documents, income statements, bank records)

It is recommended to prepare both original documents and photocopies for submission.

Step 2: Apply for a Certificate of Eligibility (COE)

Most foreign spouses will first need to obtain a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) from the Immigration Services Agency of Japan. This document proves that the applicant meets the visa requirements and helps speed up visa issuance. The Japanese spouse usually applies for the COE on behalf of the foreign spouse at the local immigration office.

The processing time for a COE is typically between 1 to 3 months. Once approved, the COE is issued and must be sent to the foreign spouse if they are applying from outside Japan.

Step 3: Apply for the Spouse Visa

Once the COE is obtained, the next step depends on the foreign spouse’s location:

• Outside Japan: The foreign spouse must submit the COE, along with the visa application form and other required documents, to the nearest Japanese embassy or consulate in their home country.
• Inside Japan: If the foreign spouse is already in Japan on another visa, they can apply for a “Change of Status of Residence” at the immigration office.

The processing time for a spouse visa at a Japanese embassy is usually between 5 to 10 business days.

Step 4: Pay the Visa Fee and Receive the Visa

Once the visa is approved, the foreign spouse must pay the visa issuance fee. The standard fees are:

• ¥3,000 ($20) for a single-entry visa
• ¥6,000 ($40) for a multiple-entry visa

After payment, the spouse visa will be stamped into the applicant’s passport.

Step 5: Enter Japan and Obtain a Residence Card

If the foreign spouse is entering Japan for the first time on a spouse visa, they will be issued a residence card (在留カード, Zairyu Card) upon arrival at designated airports. This card serves as an identification document and must be carried at all times.

Within 14 days of arrival, the spouse must register their address at the local city hall and enroll in Japan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) system.

Step 6: Renewing the Spouse Visa

The initial spouse visa is valid for 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years. Before expiration, it must be renewed at the immigration office. The renewal process involves submitting updated financial and residency documents.

By following these steps, foreigners can successfully navigate the spouse visa application process and start their new life in Japan with their Japanese spouse.

4. Required Documents and How to Prepare Them

The Spouse Visa Application in Japan requires applicants to submit various documents to prove the legitimacy of their marriage, financial stability, and ability to reside in Japan. Immigration officers carefully review these documents, so preparing them accurately and thoroughly is crucial to avoid delays or rejections. Below is a detailed list of required documents and how to properly prepare them.

1. Application Form for a Spouse Visa

The visa application form must be completed in Japanese or English. Applicants should ensure all details match their official documents to prevent inconsistencies. Forms can be downloaded from the Immigration Services Agency of Japan’s website or obtained at immigration offices.

2. Certificate of Eligibility (COE) Application (If Applying from Outside Japan)

Foreign spouses applying from outside Japan must first obtain a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). This document serves as pre-approval from Japanese immigration authorities and speeds up the visa issuance process. The Japanese spouse usually submits the COE application on behalf of the foreign spouse at their local immigration office.

3. Marriage Certificate

A legal marriage certificate issued by the couple’s home country is required. If the document is not in Japanese, an official translation must be provided. The Japanese spouse must also submit a copy of their koseki tohon (family registry), which serves as official proof of marriage in Japan.

4. Proof of Relationship

To confirm that the marriage is genuine, applicants must submit supporting documents, such as:

• Photos of the couple taken over time (wedding, trips, family gatherings)
• Records of communication (emails, chat logs, call history)
• Statement explaining how and when the couple met
• Letters from family or friends confirming the relationship

These documents help demonstrate that the marriage is not for visa purposes only.

5. Proof of Financial Stability

The Japanese government requires applicants to show financial stability to ensure they can support themselves in Japan. The Japanese spouse must provide:

• Recent income tax certificates (kazei shomeisho)
• Tax payment records (nozei shomeisho)
• Salary slips for the last three months
• Employment certificate (zaishoku shomeisho)
• Bank statements showing savings

Although there is no official minimum income requirement, a stable annual income of at least ¥2,000,000–¥3,000,000 ($13,500–$20,000) is recommended.

6. Residence Certificate of the Japanese Spouse (Juminhyo)

The Japanese spouse must submit a residence certificate (juminhyo) issued by the local municipal office. This document confirms their registered address in Japan.

7. Passport and Residence Card

The foreign spouse must provide a copy of their passport (photo page) and residence card (if they are already residing in Japan). If applying from abroad, only the passport copy is required at the initial stage.

8. Letter Explaining the Relationship

Both the Japanese and foreign spouse should write a personal statement explaining:

• How and where they met
• How their relationship developed
• Plans for their future together

While not always required, a well-written letter can strengthen the application.

9. Housing Information

Applicants should submit proof of their living arrangements in Japan, such as:

• Rental agreement (if renting a home together)
• Property ownership documents (if the Japanese spouse owns a home)
• A letter from a family member if living with relatives

10. Additional Documents (If Required)

Immigration officers may request additional documents depending on individual circumstances. These may include:

• Divorce certificates (if either spouse was previously married)
• Birth certificates (if the couple has children)
• Medical records (if applying for special consideration)

By carefully preparing these documents, foreigners can increase their chances of a smooth Spouse Visa Application in Japan. Ensuring that all paperwork is accurate, complete, and well-organized will help prevent unnecessary delays in the process.

5. Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

The Spouse Visa Application in Japan can be a complex process, and many foreigners encounter difficulties along the way. From document issues to proving the legitimacy of a marriage, various challenges may arise. However, with careful preparation and an understanding of potential obstacles, applicants can increase their chances of success. Below are some common challenges and strategies to overcome them.

1. Insufficient Proof of a Genuine Relationship

One of the most critical aspects of a spouse visa application is proving that the marriage is real and not for visa purposes. Immigration officers carefully examine the relationship history and supporting documents.

Solution: To strengthen the application, provide detailed evidence such as:

• Photos of the couple together over time (weddings, trips, everyday moments)
• Messages, emails, or call logs showing regular communication
• A written statement explaining the relationship timeline
• Statements from family or friends confirming the marriage

If the couple has a significant age gap or met online, additional explanations may be necessary to clarify the authenticity of the relationship.

2. Financial Stability Concerns

Japanese immigration authorities want to ensure that foreign spouses will not become a financial burden on the country. If the Japanese spouse has a low income or unstable employment, the application may be questioned.

Solution:

• Provide salary slips, tax records, and employment certificates (zaishoku shomeisho)
• Include bank statements showing savings
• If the Japanese spouse’s income is low, consider submitting financial support documents from a family member

Although there is no official minimum income requirement, an annual income of at least ¥2,000,000–¥3,000,000 ($13,500–$20,000) is recommended.

3. Document Inconsistencies

One of the most common reasons for delays or rejections is inconsistencies in submitted documents. If there are discrepancies in names, addresses, or dates, immigration officers may require additional clarification.

Solution:

• Double-check all documents before submission
• Ensure translations (if needed) are accurate and professionally done
• Submit a written explanation if minor inconsistencies exist

4. Long Processing Times

Visa processing times can vary depending on the immigration office, workload, and the complexity of the case. COE applications typically take 1 to 3 months, while visa issuance at embassies may take 5 to 10 business days.

Solution:

• Apply well in advance of planned travel or visa expiration
• Regularly check the application status with the immigration office
• Avoid submitting incomplete applications, as this can result in additional delays

5. Previous Visa Issues or Overstay Records

If the foreign spouse has a history of overstaying their visa in Japan or facing deportation, the application will be more challenging. Immigration authorities carefully review past visa violations before granting a new visa.

Solution:

• Provide an honest explanation of past visa issues
• Show evidence of stable residency and compliance with immigration laws
• Consult an immigration lawyer for guidance

6. Embassy or Immigration Office Requests Additional Documents

Sometimes, immigration officers may request additional documents even after an application has been submitted. This could be due to missing information or concerns about certain aspects of the application.

Solution:

• Respond quickly to document requests to avoid further delays
• Keep extra copies of all submitted paperwork for reference
• Contact the immigration office or embassy to clarify any uncertainties

7. Language Barriers During the Process

Most official documents and application forms are in Japanese, which can be a challenge for foreigners who do not speak the language.

Solution:

• Ask the Japanese spouse to assist with filling out forms
• Use professional translation services for important documents
• Consider consulting an immigration specialist who speaks English

By understanding these common challenges and preparing accordingly, foreigners can navigate the Spouse Visa Application in Japan more smoothly and increase their chances of obtaining approval.